Understanding Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, codenamed “Focal Fossa,” is a significant release from Canonical, as it is a Long Term Support (LTS) version. LTS versions are released every two years and are supported for five years, making them a stable and reliable choice for users who prefer a consistent environment, particularly in enterprise settings. This release includes updated software, security enhancements, and several new features designed to improve user experience.
Key Features of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS brought several improvements over its predecessors, including:
- GNOME 3.36: A more polished desktop experience with new features and performance improvements.
- Improved ZFS support: Advanced filesystem features for better data protection.
- WireGuard VPN: A simple yet fast and modern VPN included in the Linux kernel.
- Updated Software: Latest versions of popular applications and tools.
- Enhanced Security: With Secure Boot to protect against low-level attacks and rootkits.
Downloading Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Downloading Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is straightforward, and the ISO file can be obtained from the official Ubuntu website. It is important to download the correct version for your hardware (64-bit for most modern computers) and to verify the integrity of the download using checksums to ensure that the file has not been tampered with.
Step-by-Step Guide to Downloading
To download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, follow these steps:
- Visit the official Ubuntu website at https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop.
- Click on the “Download” button for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
- Choose whether to contribute with a donation or simply download the ISO directly.
- Once the download is complete, verify the ISO file’s checksum for security purposes.
Verifying the Download with Checksums
After downloading the ISO file, it’s crucial to verify its integrity using checksums. Here’s how to do it:
- Locate the checksum (SHA256) provided on the Ubuntu website.
- Use a checksum tool to calculate the ISO file’s checksum on your computer.
- Compare the two checksums to ensure they match.
If the checksums match, the file is verified and safe to use. If not, re-download the ISO file and check again.
Preparing for Installation
Before installing Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, there are a few preparatory steps to ensure a smooth process.
System Requirements
Ensure your computer meets the minimum system requirements for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS:
- 2 GHz dual-core processor or better
- 4 GB RAM or more
- 25 GB of free hard drive space
- USB port or DVD drive for the installation media
- Internet access is helpful
Creating a Bootable USB Drive
To install Ubuntu, you’ll need to create a bootable USB drive with the downloaded ISO file:
- Use a tool like Rufus (for Windows) or the built-in Startup Disk Creator (for Ubuntu) to create the bootable USB.
- Select the downloaded ISO file and the USB drive to create the installation media.
- Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the process.
Backing Up Important Data
Before proceeding with the installation, back up any important data on the computer where Ubuntu will be installed. This step is crucial to avoid data loss in case of any issues during the installation process.
Installation Process
With the bootable USB drive ready, you can begin the installation of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
Booting from the USB Drive
Insert the bootable USB drive into your computer and restart it. You may need to enter the BIOS or UEFI settings to change the boot order, giving priority to the USB drive.
Ubuntu Installation Wizard
Once booted from the USB drive, the Ubuntu installation wizard will guide you through the process:
- Select your preferred language and keyboard layout.
- Choose whether to install updates and third-party software during the installation.
- Decide on the installation type (alongside another OS, replace an existing OS, or something else for custom partitions).
- Follow the prompts to set up your timezone, user account, and password.
- Wait for the installation to complete and then restart your computer.
Post-Installation Setup
After installing Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, there are a few steps to finalize the setup and personalize your system.
Updating and Upgrading Packages
It’s a good practice to update and upgrade your system packages after installation:
- Open the terminal and run the command
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade - Enter your password when prompted and allow the process to complete.
Installing Additional Drivers
Some hardware may require proprietary drivers for optimal performance. You can install these through the “Additional Drivers” tab in the “Software & Updates” application.
Customizing the Desktop Environment
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS allows for extensive customization of the GNOME desktop environment. Explore the settings to adjust the appearance, enable/disable extensions, and configure system behaviors to your liking.
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS for Developers
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is a popular choice among developers due to its stability and extensive software library.
Development Tools and Libraries
Developers can easily install development tools and libraries using the Ubuntu Software Center or the terminal. Common tools include:
- Build-essential for C/C++ development
- Python, Ruby, Node.js, and other programming languages
- Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) like Visual Studio Code or JetBrains suite
- Containers and virtualization tools like Docker and VirtualBox
Support for Programming Languages
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS supports a wide range of programming languages out of the box, and others can be installed from the repositories or via language-specific package managers like pip for Python or npm for Node.js.
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS for Business Use
Businesses often prefer LTS releases for their long-term support and stability. Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is equipped with features that cater to enterprise needs.
Security Features
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS includes several security features such as AppArmor, which provides mandatory access control for programs, and Snap confinement, which isolates applications for security.
Enterprise Support and Services
Canonical offers enterprise support and services for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, including Extended Security Maintenance (ESM) beyond the standard five years of support.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Ubuntu 20.04 LTS free to download and use?
Yes, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is free to download and use for both personal and commercial purposes.
Can I upgrade from an older version of Ubuntu to 20.04 LTS?
Yes, you can upgrade from an older version of Ubuntu to 20.04 LTS, but it is recommended to back up your data before doing so.
Does Ubuntu 20.04 LTS support 32-bit systems?
No, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS does not support 32-bit systems. It is available only for 64-bit architectures.
How can I get help if I encounter issues with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?
You can get help through the Ubuntu community forums, ask questions on Ask Ubuntu, or seek professional support from Canonical.
What is the difference between Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and non-LTS releases?
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is supported for five years and focuses on stability and reliability, while non-LTS releases have a shorter support cycle and feature the latest software and features.
References
For more information on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, you can refer to the following resources:
